Ideal capacitors with no initial charge. The 1 V AC source demonstrates voltage sharing; leakage and voltage ratings are not included.
How series capacitance works
Capacitors in series carry the same charge. Their voltages add, so the equivalent capacitance is smaller than the smallest individual capacitor. Two equal capacitors in series have half the capacitance of either one.
CT1=C11+C21+⋯+Cn1
Voltage divides inversely with capacitance: the smallest capacitor takes the largest share. The schematic uses a 1 V AC source to demonstrate this ideal behavior. Real DC voltage sharing also depends on leakage and balancing resistors; this calculation does not determine a safe combined voltage rating.
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